Byzantine-Seljuk Wars and the Battle of Manzikert

The Battle of Manzikert was fought on August 26, 1071, during the Byzantine-Seljuk Wars (1048-1308). Ascending to the throne in 1068, Romanos IV Diogenes worked to restore a decaying military situation on the Byzantine Empires eastern borders. Passing needed reforms, he directed Manuel Comnenus to lead a campaign against the  Ã¢â‚¬â€¹Seljuk Turks with the goal of regaining lost territory. While this initially proved successful, it ended in disaster when Manuel was defeated and captured. Despite this failure, Romanos was able to conclude a peace treaty with Seljuk leader Alp Arslan in 1069. This was largely due to Arslans need for peace on his northern border so that he could campaign against the Fatimid Caliphate of Egypt. Romanos Plan In February 1071, Romanos sent envoys to Arslan with a request to renew the peace treaty of 1069. Agreeing, Arslan began moving his army into Fatimid Syria to besiege  Ã¢â‚¬â€¹Aleppo. Part of an elaborate scheme, Romanos had hoped that the treaty renewal would lead Arslan away from the area allowing him to launch a campaign against the Seljuks in Armenia. Believing that the plan was working, Romanos assembled an army numbering between 40,000-70,000 outside Constantinople in March. This force included veteran Byzantine troops as well as Normans, Franks, Pechenegs, Armenians,  Ã¢â‚¬â€¹Bulgarians, and variety of other mercenaries. The Campaign Begins Moving east, Romanos army continued to grow but was plagued by the questionable loyalties of its officer corps including the co-regent, Andronikos Doukas. A rival of Romanos, Doukas was a key member of the powerful Doukid faction in Constantinople. Arriving at Theodosiopoulis in July, Romanos received reports that Arslan had abandoned the siege of Aleppo and was retreating east towards the Euphrates River. Though some of his commanders wished to halt and await Arslans approach, Romanos pressed on towards Manzikert. Believing that the enemy would approach from the south, Romanos split his army and directed Joseph Tarchaneiotes to take one wing in that direction to block the road from Khilat. Arriving at Manzikert, Romanos overwhelmed the Seljuk garrison and secured the town on August 23. Byzantine intelligence had been correct in reporting that Arslan had abandoned the siege of Aleppo but failed in noting his next destination. Eager to deal with the Byzantine incursion, Arslan moved north into Armenia. In the course of the march, his army shrank as the region offered little plunder. The Armies Clash Reaching Armenia in late August, Arslan began maneuvering towards the Byzantines. Spotting a large Seljuk force advancing from the south, Tarchaneiotes elected to retreat west and failed to inform Romanos of his actions. Unaware that nearly half his army had departed the area, Romanos located Arslans army on August 24 when Byzantine troops under Nicephorus Bryennius clashed with the Seljuks. While these troops successfully fell back, a cavalry force led by Basilakes was crushed. Arriving on the field, Arslan dispatched a peace offer which was quickly rejected by the Byzantines. On August 26, Romanos deployed his army for battle with himself commanding the center, Bryennius leading the left, and Theodore Alyates directing the right. The Byzantine reserves were placed to the rear under the leadership of Andronikos Doukas. Arslan, commanding from a nearby hill, directed his army to form a crescent moon-shaped line. Commencing a slow advance, the Byzantine flanks were struck by arrows from the wings of the Seljuk formation. As the Byzantines advanced, the center of the Seljuk line fell back with the flanks conducting hit and run attacks on Romanos men. Disaster for Romanos Though capturing the Seljuk camp late in the day, Romanos had failed to bring Arslans army to battle. As dusk neared, he ordered a withdrawal back towards their camp. Turning, the Byzantine army fell into confusion as the right wing failed to obey the order to fall back. As gaps in Romanos line began to open, he was betrayed by Doukas who led the reserve off the field rather than forward to cover the armys retreat. Sensing an opportunity, Arslan began a series of heavy assaults on the Byzantine flanks and shattered Alyates wing. As the battle turned into a rout, Nicephorus Bryennius was able to lead his force to safety. Quickly surrounded, Romanos and the Byzantine center were unable to break out. Aided by the Varangian Guard, Romanos continued the fight until falling wounded. Captured, he was taken to Arslan who placed a boot on his throat and forced him to kiss the ground. With the Byzantine army shattered and in retreat, Arslan kept the defeated emperor as his guest for a week before allowing him to return to Constantinople. Aftermath While Seljuk losses at Manzikert are not known, recent scholarship estimates that the Byzantines lost around 8,000 killed. In the wake of the defeat, Arslan negotiated a peace with Romanos before permitting him to depart. This saw the transfer of Antioch, Edessa, Hierapolis, and Manzikert to the Seljuks as well as the initial payment of 1.5 million gold pieces and 360,000 gold pieces annually as a ransom for Romanos. Reaching the capital, Romanos found himself unable to rule and was deposed later that year after being defeated by the Doukas family. Blinded, he was exiled to Proti the following year. The defeat at Manzikert unleashed nearly a decade of internal strife which weakened the Byzantine Empire and saw the Seljuks make gains on the eastern border.

Daniel Harold Rolling, the Gainesville Ripper

Daniel Harold Rolling, also known as the Gainesville Ripper, murdered five University of Florida students in the summer of 1990. The killings terrified residents of the otherwise sleepy Southern college town and became front-page news for days on end.  After being apprehended, Rolling would be linked to three more deaths in Louisiana and would remain a figure of media curiosity until he was executed in 2006. Early Life Rolling was born on May 26, 1954, in Shreveport, La., to James and Claudia Rolling. It was an unhappy home life, Rolling would later say. His father, a Shreveport police officer, abused him from an early age, both verbally and physically. As a teen, Rolling was a poor student and worked only sporadically. He was also arrested several times for burglary. Apart from these details, little is known of Rollings early life before the murders. One incident, however, stands out. During a heated argument with his father in May of 1990, Rolling brandished a gun and shot the older man. Rolling fled. His father lost an eye and an ear but survived. Death in Gainesville The first murder took place on Aug. 24, 1990. Rolling broke into the apartment of college students Sonja Larson, 18, and  Christina Powell, 17. Both girls were asleep. He attacked Sonja first, who was asleep in her upstairs bedroom. First, he stabbed her chest, then taped her mouth, then as she struggled for her life, he stabbed her to death. He then went back downstairs and taped Christinas mouth and bound her wrists behind her back. He then cut off her clothing, raped her and stabbed her multiple times in the back, causing her death. Deciding that he wanted to leave some kind signature, he then mutilated the bodies and posed them in sexually suggestive positions and left. The next night Rolling broke into the apartment of Christa Hoyt, 18, but she was not at home. He decided to wait for her and made himself at home. When she arrived mid-morning, he crept up behind her, startling her, then attacked her, placing her in a choke-hold. After that, he taped her mouth, bound her wrists and forced her into her bedroom, where he removed her clothing, raped her, then stabbed her in the back multiple times causing her death. Then, as a way to make the scene more horrific, he sliced open her body, cut off her head and removed her nipples. When authorities arrived, they found Christas head on a bookshelf, her torso bent at the waist, on the bed and the nipples placed next to the torso. On Aug. 27, Rolling broke into the apartment of Tracy Paules and Manny Taboada, both 23. Powerfully built, Taboada was asleep in his bedroom when Rolling attacked and killed him. Hearing a struggle, Paules hurried to her roommates room. Seeing Rolling, she bolted back to her room, but he pursued her. Like his other victims, Rolling bound Paules, removed her clothing, raped her, then stabbed her in the back multiple times. Sometime later, the apartment complexs maintenance man showed up for an appointment. When no one answered at Paules and Taboadas unit, he let himself in. The sight that greeted him was so horrible that he turned and left immediately, then rushed to call the police. He later described to the police that he saw Tracys bloodied body on a towel in the hallway, with a black bag placed near the body. When police arrived five minutes later, the door was found unlocked and the bag was gone. The news media was quick to cover the murders, dubbing the killer The Gainesville Ripper. It was the beginning of the semester and thousands of students left Gainseville out fear. By Sept. 7, when Rolling was arrested in nearby Ocala on an unrelated supermarket robbery charge, the Ripper was on the front page of every newspaper. Rollings whereabouts between the time of the last murders and his arrest are only partially known. During a subsequent search of a wooded Gainesville encampment where Rolling had been living, police found evidence tying him to a recent bank robbery. They also found evidence that later would be linked to the Gainesville killings.   TheWrong Suspect The investigation into murders of the five college students led to one of seven main suspects. Edward Humphrey was 18 years old and diagnosed with bipolar disorder. During the same time that the students were murdered, Humphrey was suffering from a bipolar flareup after skipping his medication which resulted in aggressive behavior and violent outbursts. Humphrey had been living in the same apartment complex as Tracy and Manny, but he was asked to leave by the apartment manager after fighting with his roommates. He also harassed people living in the apartment complex across the street. Other similar incidents of Humphreys combative nature surfaced and investigators decided to put a surveillance team on him. On Oct. 30, 1990, he had an argument with his grandmother that grew into a physical altercation with him striking her one time. This was a gift to the police. They arrested Humphrey and had his  bail set at $1 million, even though his grandmother had dropped all charges the same day and it was his first offense. At trial, Humphrey was found guilty of assault and was sentenced to 22 months in Chattahoochee State Hospital, where he would remain until Sept. 18, 1991, when he was released. There was never any evidence found that Humphrey had anything to do with the murder. The investigation was back to square one. Confession, Trial, and Execution Rolling stood trial in early 1991 for the Ocala robbery and was convicted. He was later convicted of three burglaries committed in Tampa shortly after the Gainesville killings had occurred. Facing life in prison, Rolling confessed to the string of murders, later corroborated by DNA evidence. In June of 1992, he was officially charged.   While awaiting trial, Rolling began exhibiting odd behavior that would eventually lead to a diagnosis of mental illness. Using a fellow inmate as an intermediary, Rolling told authorities that he had multiple personalities, which he blamed for the Gainesville killings. Rolling also alluded to the unsolved 1989 murders in Shreveport of William Grissom, 55, his daughter Julie, 24, and his 8-year-old grandson Sean.   On Feb. 15, 1994, just weeks before Rollings trial for the Gainesville murders was set to begin, he  told his lawyer that he wanted to plead guilty. His lawyer warned against it, but Rolling was determined, saying he did not want to sit there while the pictures of the crime scene were shown to the jury. Rolling was sentenced to death in March and executed on Oct. 25, 2006.   Sources Cochrane, Emily, and McPherson, Jordan. All is Well: Gainesville Murder Victims Remembered After 25 Years. Alligator.org. 28 August 2015.Dean, Michelle. The True Story Behind the Horrific Murder Spree That Inspired Scream. Complex.com. 20 December 2016.Goodnough, Abby. Killer of 5 Florida Students Is Executed. NYTimes.com. 26 October 2006.Schweers, Jeff. Gainesville Student Murders: 25 Years Later. Gainesville.com. 24 August 2017.

Today more than ever, college sports are not just a game...

Today more than ever, college sports are not just a game but instead a billion dollar business. The NCAA likes to refer to student athletes as amateurs and believes they shouldn’t be compensated while many others can argue that the players are being manipulated and exploited and deserve to be paid for play. Those who support the NCAA’s decision not to pay the players agree that there is no payment system that would fairly pay all students of all sports. They also believe that students are already being paid through their full or partial scholarships. Those who oppose these ideas believe that athletes are taken advantage of and deserve a cut of the millions they are making for the NCAA and the university they attend. The controversial†¦show more content†¦However, after the 1940’s the NCAA allowed changes to scholarships every few years. In 1973, the NCAA restricted scholarships to one year at a time. This meant that even if the athlete performed well in the classroom, the scholarship was at risk if his performance on the field was not up to par. Some can argue that the restrictions goes against â€Å"for the love of the game† and is more about which players make the team more money. USA Today’s Eitzen D. Standley believes the word amateur is not the correct term for a student athlete. Standley believes student athletes are mistreated physically and mentally and compares college sports to a slave plantation system. She says by keeping the amateur status the NCAA, who she refers to as plantation owners, benefit themselves in two ways. By not paying the athletes, the schools expenses are reduced making the enterprise much more profitable. Second, Standley states since college athletic departments and the NCAA are considered part of the educational mission, they are not required to pay taxes on their millions from television contracts, sponsorships, licensing, the sale of boxes and season tickets, and gate receipts. So I can’t help but wonder if President Emmert and the members of the NCAA want to hold on to amateurism for the love of the game or the love of their pockets. Many who oppose paying college athletes also argue that the players are already being compensated with scholarship money. ESPN’s Scoop Jackson claimsShow MoreRelatedCollege Athletes Research Paper1989 Words   |  8 Pagesbefore you today with a matter that is very prominent in the college sports industry, especially within the sports of football and basketball, and that is whether or not to pay the collegiate athletes. I firmly believe that college athletes have the right to receive payment due to their services in the sport. Many college sports are large attractions for these schools resulting in a gross of millions of dollars for the universities. The league that represents them, the NCAA, is a billion dollar organizationRead MoreShould College Athletes Be Paid?1398 Words   |  6 PagesSome believe that college athletes at the highest performing schools are better treated than others. Although they do not get paid, they do receive some benefits for being athletes that ot her students would not get. One advantage for playing a sport is access to scholarships that some schools reserve for their athletes. Depending on the school and the athlete’s performance, money towards tuition is often given. Only some schools are willing to grant â€Å"full-ride† scholarships for certain athletes.Read MoreRacial ideology in the NBA Essay example1652 Words   |  7 Pagesbe entertained by the best in the game on a multi-million dollar stage. 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Athletes, students, bystanders, and NCAA analysts and authority figures have a strong opinion about paying college athletes. Whether college athletes should be paid or not is a debate topic that is more prevalent today than ever. Most student-athletes playing a sport in college are there on an athletic scholarshipRead MoreIntercollegiate Athletics3026 Words   |  13 Pagesraising arm for colleges, while providing education and training to future professional athletes. Academic programs have always criticized college athletic programs. There are five main reasons or accusations as many will call it. First it is said that all major and some smaller colleges routinely lower the admission standards for athletes because of the exposure that they bring to the university. The Ivy League, for example, have on average some of the lowest SAT scores than what are recordedRead MoreThe Need for Change: Is the N.C.C.A. Exploiting the Talents of Student Athletes?2240 Words   |  9 Pages Since 1910, the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) has been the most dominant collegiate athletic organization in the United States. Originally created to solidify the rules for the various sports of the time, this nonprofit association has grown to a combination of 1,281 conferences, organizations, institutions, and individuals. Based on the NCCA’s Constitution, the primary purposes of the organization is to promote intercollegiate athletics in the United States, to maintain intercollegiateRead MoreFootball in America2675 Words   |  11 PagesFootball in America by Jeannie Ray SPM/210 - SOCIO-CULTURAL ELMNTS OF SPORT: PLAYING WELL W/OTHERS DR DION DALY August 6, 2011 Football In America American football has a long legacy in American History. It can be traced back centuries to early European cutures, influenced through the years by multiple people, changed the rules and has become a National phenomenon for Americans. American football is over 100 years old and still going strong. It has inspired songs, movies

The Moral Implications of Cloning - 2012 Words

Outside the lab where the cloning had actually taken place, most of us thought it could never happen. Oh we would say that perhaps at some point in the distant future, cloning might become feasible through the use of sophisticated biotechnologies far beyond those available to us now. But what we really believed, deep in our hearts, was that this one biological feat we could never master. Dr. Lee M. Silver, 1997. On February 23, 1997, Doctor Ian Wilmut successfully cloned the worlds first mammal, giving the world a harsh wake-up call to the state of its technology. The implications of an effective somatic cell nuclear transfer in mammals are tremendous. The use of cloning for research purposes could yield fixes for aging and heart†¦show more content†¦Dr. Ian Wilmut, the cloning doctor himself, says that even the though of human cloning is appallingly irresponsible and that there is a major safety issue which should justify the banning of this technology to produce peop le for the foreseeable future (Ian). The religious community, as expected, has strong objections towards this particular, as well as many other scientific advances. In this case, a strong warning came to scientists everywhere against playing God. Generally speaking, playing God would violate one or both of the following distinctions between man and God: human beings should not gain access to the fundamental secrets and mysteries of life which belong to God; and human beings lack the authority to regulate the beginning and/or end of life as such reservations are divine sovereignty (United, 44). To ponder the first violation, one must view scientific research as a sort of probing into lifes mysteries. Scientists have discovered how the heart beast, why the sun is bright, and when a flower will bloom, all of which were mysteries before their discovery. At this point, it is imperative to assess what mysteries of life should be forbidden to human knowledge. Certainly, one must no t view why the sun is bright as a mystery. Therefore, how can one inhibit the knowledge of how life begins, how cells differentiate, or how to create life? Without the word of God, how can something, whether it be anShow MoreRelatedMoral, Social, And Ethical Implications Of Cloning2179 Words   |  9 PagesMoral, Social, and Ethical Implications of Cloning â€Å"Clones are organisms that are exact genetic copies. Every single bit of their DNA is identical. Clones can happen naturally—identical twins are just one of many examples. Or they can be made in the lab. Natural identical twins are similar to and different from clones made through modern cloning technologies.† (Genetic Science Learning Center) Cloning has many different aspects; there is the moral, social and ethical aspects of cloning. Along withRead MoreWhen Life Begins638 Words   |  3 Pagesalways consider an embryo to be a living thing. It is currently a hot topic of discussion whether or not to allow and use stem cells taken from embryos. The fact that cells must come from women also raises ethical questions concerning therapeutic cloning as this can lead to the exploitation of women. Many people also believe that such technology is unnatural and similar to taking nature in your own hand. Creating clones for the production of transplantable organs is anothe r issue. People believe thatRead MoreHow Technology Is Causing The Decline Of Morality1158 Words   |  5 PagesEvery year, machines and the technology that builds them are advancing at an irreversible rate that we cannot control. It is speculated that we will reach singularity during the 21st century, and with advances like cloning, society’s morality begins to be questioned. The film Blade Runner and short story â€Å"Margin of Error† bring up questions of morality related to technology, and I will use these works as reference to strengthen my arguments. The continuous evolution of technology is causing the declineRead MoreGenetic Engineering : Medical Perfection Or Playing God1280 Words   |  6 PagesThesis Statement â€Å"Genetic engineering differs from cloning in key ways. Whereas cloning produces genetically exact copies of organisms, genetic engineering refers to processes in which scientists manipulate genes to create purposefully different versions of organisms—and, in some cases, entirely new living things†, duplication of genetic cells is known as human cloning. Development of genetic engineering biotechnologies undermines the natural autonomy of life. Does genetic engineering interfereRead MoreEssay The Debate Concerning Stem Cell Research1409 Words   |  6 Pagesto better the lives of those living, but at what cost? In their articles â€Å"Cloning Human Beings: An Assessment of Pro and Con,† by author Dan W. Brock; â€Å"The Ethical Implications of Guman Cloning,† by Michael J. Sandel; â€Å"Theriputic Human Cloning Is Ethical,† by Ian Wilmut and Roger Highfield; and various other articles, each author discusses his or her view on the morality of stem cell research and its use for human cloning. Kantian deontology is defined as treating the individual as more than a meansRead MoreEssay on The Cloning Controversy1271 Words   |  6 Pages Today, the topic of cloning generates more argument then it has ever created before. The controversy over cloning is based, in part, on the fact that there are extreme opposing viewpoints on the subject. Also a major factor in the debate over cloning is a fear of new technology. Throughout history, man has always been slow to adapt to a new technology, or a new way of doing things. We go through all the trouble to adapt to one method, why uproot ourselves and change everything just to do it a differentRead More Is Human Cloning Another Frankenstein? Essay1272 Words   |  6 Pages Is Human Cloning Another Frankenstein? nbsp; The creation of life by unnatural method is a question that Mary Shelleys Frankenstein addresses. Through the events that result from Victors attempt to bestow life to the inanimate, Shelley concludes that it is inappropriate for man to play god. With the advent of the science of creation, cloning, scientists now face the same problem that Shelley raised years ago. The applications of such research are numerous, all varying in severity. In whatRead MoreEthical Implications in the Fields of Science and Arts Essay1462 Words   |  6 PagesThe knowledge question is asking to identify and discuss ethical implications that might interfere with the production of knowledge in the field of natural sciences and arts. Ethics is defined as the moral principles that govern a person’s or group’s behaviors and actions towards a certain subject. Ethical implications are the problems that a certain action would have on ethics. This particular essay title tackles the areas of knowledge of natural sciences and arts and ethics. Many knowledge issuesRead More Immorality of Human Cloning Essay1550 Words   |  7 Pages While human cloning has been a matter of science fiction for centuries, the prospect that it could actually happen is a recent development. On February 23, 1997, the birth of the first cloned sheep, Dolly, was announced. Since then, it seems that science has progressed faster than moral understanding. Each breakthrough in genetics presents us with both a promise and a dilemma. The promise is that we may soon be able to treat and prevent diseases such as cancer and Parkinson’s. The dilemma is thatRead MoreThe Cloning Of The Sheep990 Words   |  4 PagesThe successful cloning of â€Å"Dolly† the sheep caused a worldwide reaction. Many arguments as to whether it is morally acceptable to clone a human being have taken place, resulting in human cloning being legal in some countries while illegal in others. There are two forms of cloning, re productive and therapeutic. In Britain therapeutic cloning is legal, if you have a license, whereas reproductive cloning is illegal. 41% of Americans are against cloning in general and 87% are against producing a child

Hong Kong Media Good Free Essays

Although the rank of freedom of Hong Kong media is much higher than that of China, there are some exceptions to the general rule which states Hong Kong media are free whereas the mainland media are not free. On 6 June 12, a Attainment Square dissident, IL Wangling was found to commit suicide by hanging himself in the Human hospital without leaving any note. The suspect of Lie’s death evokes all Hong Kong media to report the news at length, and hence the reporter of South China Morning Post Alex Price ran a full story about Lie’s death. We will write a custom essay sample on ?Hong Kong Media Good or any similar topic only for you Order Now However, Wang Examining, the newly appointed editor-in-chief of SCAMP, reduced it into a brief Just before the issue of newspaper without informing him. Price wondered the reason and emailed Wang, but Wang didn’t give any reasonable response and said Price knows what to do if he doesn’t like this. It is believed that self-censorship was practiced because Wang is mainland born, and is a member of the Jill Provincial CAP. Beijing has influence on the issue, and hence it makes people suspect the neutrality of SCAMP. Another example to show Begging’s influence over the Hong Kong media is that a Shanghai column about the selection of Hong Kong Chief Executive was edited to totally different point of view from the columnist in order to show support to one of the candidates, Lung Chunk Yin, who regards as Pro-China candidate. The column was actually written by the columnist Luau You-sis whose column titled originally ‘Neither of them is the best candidate for the post of Chief Executive’ but then was changed to ‘Lung is better than Tong. The original conclusion of the column is, it is no worth to support both of them, the fight between them doesn’t help their rule of Hong Kong but worsen and this only makes people getting bad feeling on politics. However, it was edited to the version that, it is no worth to support Tong; Lung is the one who can do better so look forward to his future. Although Shanghai repost the original one next day, the explanation of doing such thing as was unacceptable. The last owner of Shanghai also has China background and hence it is believed that there is Begging’s influence to affect the freedom of media in Hong Kong. Comparing to Hong Kong, the situation in China may be worse that mainland media are mostly controlled by authority; however, some exceptions also exist and those costly happen on the media Internet. GHz Riffing, the founder of the website People’s Supervision which allows entities to expose the corruption of the authority, had uploaded a video of Lei Chemung, a Cocooning official, who was having sex with an 18-year-old lady and secretly recorded. The official then lost his Job due to the muck-raking. Although the website had been once blocked and was unable to be searched via mainland website Baud, GHz believes it was because the website had suffer pressure from Lei personal instead of from authority as KHz’s website is now operate normally and GHz is still fee. Despite of the exposure of the corruption of the authority, KHz’s website and his account on social media Webb still working normally and are not controlled by the authority. Another example is about Shah Habit, member of the Communist Party of China Committee of Lubing City’s Public Security Bureau, was accused of having amassed 192 houses in Hough and holding a false identity card by a local businessman Hung Junky. The documents about Chaos’s double IDs are also exposed on the Internet which evokes not only the citizens but also the authority to investigate the issue. Shah has been sacked after this exposure and the authorities had decided to investigate comprehensively the problems exposed on the Internet. Same as the former example, although it exposes the corruption of authorities, the media haven’t been control by authorities to cover the exposure. Overall, I think the freedom for media of both Hong Kong and mainland starts shifting. It is a good beginning for authorities to loosen the control on mainland media, but to Hong Kong media, over-practicing self- censorship only makes Hong Kong citizens revolted to mainland authorities. How to cite ?Hong Kong Media Good, Papers

Sylvia Plath Research Paper Essay Example For Students

Sylvia Plath Research Paper Essay Sylvia Plath Research Paper BY jackteonei112133 Sylvia Plath: Dying to be Young As Emily Dickinson once said, People need hard times and oppression to develop psychic muscles. Sylvia Plath foreshadowed many different things in her poetry that reflect the difficult experiences she endured in life. Her fathers death and her husbands abandonment influenced her writing in several different of her poems. Plaths suicidal tendencies and the deep depressions she suffered also led to some of her darkest and more cynical poems. Her work is known for the violent imagery credited to some of her most questionable times in life. Although Sylvia Plath experienced a hard life full of suicidal thoughts, these unbearable times ultimately led to her most famous poetry today. Plath was born into a Massachusetts home on October 27, 1932 toa highly academic couple. When she was only eight years old her father died of diabetes. When Plath was 21 years old, she went through a serious depression and attempted suicide. Soon after, she met Ted Hughes, an English poet, and married him in 1956 (Sylvia Plath 1). The last and final time Sylvia would suffer from depression was in the worst winter of the century in 1963. Her suicide attempt, in February, was successful due to the use of a gas oven (Wagner-Martin 2). One cannot clearly distinguish the traumas she experienced from those she constructed in print (Axelrod 1). As the professor from the University of California Riverside says, Plaths poems show anguish like none other of her time period. She was a contemporary writer whose poems followed the mentoring of Robert Lowell and Anne Sexton. She took great pride in her writing although her greatest poems were the aftermath of a horrible time for her. For Plath, the most important things were lways those she created: her poems, her children (Kinsey-Clinton 5). Sylvias difficult life and the things she went through contributed to the remarkable poetry she is now recognized for. His death drastically defined her relationships and her poems- most notably in her elegiac and infamous poem, Daddy (Sylvia Plath 1). First, Sylvia Plath had a complicated relationship with her father and expressed her resen tment towards his death in some of her poems. They always knew it was you. / Daddy, daddy, you bastard, Im through. This final line to Sylvia Plaths poem, Daddy, shows her anguish and hatred towards her father even after his long-ago death. One can blatantly see all throughout this poem that Plath is expressing intense emotions towards her fathers life and death but finally comes to terms with him in the end. She was also illustrating her feelings of resentment towards her husband with her harsh and vivid words. (Analysis of Sylvia Plaths Daddy 1). The poem Daddy exemplifies the pain that was stored and built up in Sylvias childhood. When she first heard of her fathers death, she proclaimed, l will never speak to God again. Sylvia believed her father could have prevented his death but instead stood by and did nothing (Wagner-Martin 67). In another poem, Electra on Azalea Path she describes her first visit to her fathers grave and the affect it had on her own life in a poetic manner. l brought my love to bear, and then you died. / It was the gangrene ate you to the bone / My mother said: you died like any man. / How shall I Electra on Azalea Path and represent the hard time she is having accepting his death. Sylvia Plaths fathers death took a toll on her mental state, but overall helped her beautiful style of writing. Next, her husband, Ted Hughess, abandonment provided an excellent source of anger for Plaths book of poetry, Ariel. Ted Hughes left Plath and in that winter, in a deep depression, Plath wrote most of the poems that would comprise her most famous book (Sylvia Plath 1). After he left her, she wrote 40 poems of rage and vengeance in less than two months. The poems that composed Ariel have been primarily responsible for Plaths after-death fame (Stevenson 2). .u2d4f124d3a231d4854de8e66d0f40b8a , .u2d4f124d3a231d4854de8e66d0f40b8a .postImageUrl , .u2d4f124d3a231d4854de8e66d0f40b8a .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u2d4f124d3a231d4854de8e66d0f40b8a , .u2d4f124d3a231d4854de8e66d0f40b8a:hover , .u2d4f124d3a231d4854de8e66d0f40b8a:visited , .u2d4f124d3a231d4854de8e66d0f40b8a:active { border:0!important; } .u2d4f124d3a231d4854de8e66d0f40b8a .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u2d4f124d3a231d4854de8e66d0f40b8a { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u2d4f124d3a231d4854de8e66d0f40b8a:active , .u2d4f124d3a231d4854de8e66d0f40b8a:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u2d4f124d3a231d4854de8e66d0f40b8a .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u2d4f124d3a231d4854de8e66d0f40b8a .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u2d4f124d3a231d4854de8e66d0f40b8a .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u2d4f124d3a231d4854de8e66d0f40b8a .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u2d4f124d3a231d4854de8e66d0f40b8a:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u2d4f124d3a231d4854de8e66d0f40b8a .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u2d4f124d3a231d4854de8e66d0f40b8a .u2d4f124d3a231d4854de8e66d0f40b8a-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u2d4f124d3a231d4854de8e66d0f40b8a:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Christianity and HIV EssaySylvia expressed herself through increasingly angry and powerful poems. Poems such as, Lady Lazarus, Ariel, and Death Company are all great xamples of her lonely and fuming feelings. In the poem, Lady Lazarus, Sylvia Plath ends it with these line; Out of the ash / I rise with my red hair / And I eat men like air. Once again, her feeling of neglect and let down by her husband are illustrated in her descriptive word choice and interesting rhyme scheme. Lady Lazarus is a poem about her love-hate relationship with death and the agony she went through during the end of her marriage. Sylvia Plath struggled with many aspects of her personal life and love life. Due to her husbands desertion, Plath created very owerful poems that will be remembered throughout time as some of her best work. Lastly, the major influence on Sylvia Plaths writing was her periods of depression and suicidal thoughts. The first battle of deep depression she faced was in college, however, she luckily made it through, and graduated summa cum laude in 1955 (Sylvia Plath 1). However, her next period of depression was fatal. Most of Plaths poetry is dark and violent. The tone in many of her poems reflects her suicidal feelings and hopeless fears. For instance, in the poem Mirror, by Sylvia Plath, the heme of the fear of aging is present within each line. In me she has drowned a young girl, and in me an old woman / Rises toward her day after day, like a terrible fish. Also, it is not a coincidence that Plath died young; Just as the character she portrays would rather die young and be young forever than watch herself age. The parallels between the poem and Plaths life are easily noted. For instance, Plaths suicidal attempt at 21, and dying young, both show that she was afraid of aging. Also, the person in Plaths poem Mirror was unsatisfied with herself and her life, Just as Sylvia Plath was. A well-written poem that resulted from Plaths suicidal depression is Nick and the Candlestick. It is a very sad poem written to her son about maternal love using nature imagery and loving, flowing words (Stevenson 2). Although most of Plaths poems are violent and angry, this poem shows the variety of poetry to come out of her depression. The combination and collection of Sylvia Plaths poems contained an underlying tone of rage and rebellion. Plaths forthright language speaks loudly about the anger of being both betrayed and powerless (Wagner- Martin, 2). The many difficult things she underwent changed her poems and made her famous. Her poetry often reflects the painful times she experienced; such as, her fathers death at a young age, her husband leaving her with two infants, and her own battles with depression. Also, the issues in Plaths life gave her grounds for writing very g ood, deep, and angry poems that will be remembered forever. The depressing factors added to the meanings of her poems and the underlying tone in them. poetry. Towards the final days of her life, Plath wrote Twelve final poems shortly efore her death that defined a nihilistic metaphysic from which death provided the only escape (Stevenson 2). As one can see, Sylvia Plath wrote poems to escape from her problematic life and expressed most of her feelings through her dark poems. Due to her sad experiences, she wrote poems that reflected her suicidal tendencies and, eventually, became famous. Works Cited Alvarez, A1. How Black Magic Killed Sylvia Plath. Guardian Unlimited 15 Sept. 1999: 1-4. 7 May 2008. Axelrod, Steven. Sylvia Plath (1932-1963). The Literary Encyclopedia. 7 September 2003. Accessed 7 May 2008. Critical Analysis of Sylvia Plaths Daddy 1 Aug. 2006. 22 May 2008 Freedman, William. The Monster in Plaths Mirror. Papers on Language and Literature 5 May 2008: 152-69. vol. 108, NO. 5. Detroit: Gale Research, 1993. Kinsey- Clinton, Michelle. The Willing Domesticity of Sylvia Plath: a Rebuttal of the Feminist Label. Sapphireblue. Com. 27 May 1997. 7 May 2008 Stevenson, Anne Linda and Linda Wagner-Martin. Two Views of Plaths Life and Career. Modern American Poetry. 7 May 2008 Sylvia Plath. Poets. org. 7 May 2008 .